Oil and gas
Oil and Gas
09/08/2010
© Keblow
Hydrocarbons have contributed to the development and evolution of society since the 19th century. Oil, even when used in small quantities, provides enough energy to run vehicle and machine engines. Natural gas is also a high-energy fuel. It is always associated with oil in hydrocarbon deposits. For example, it is used to supply power plants or in homes (for heating, cooking, and producing hot water).
However, modern society's dependence on oil and gas has become a major issue today. Confronted with the increasing scarcity of workable hydrocarbon deposits and faced with the necessity of combating global warming, solutions need to be found in the next few years. For example, we need to make more efficient use of the energy available and use more renewable energy sources in addition to hydrocarbons.
Oil and gas deposits
Hydrocarbons are formed in the depths of the earth when certain chemical, physical and geographical conditions are met.
Exploration: the search for oil and gas deposits
To locate an oil field, tests, drilling operations and surveys are carried out to provide a better understanding of the subsurface.
Producing oil and gas
Once the oil companies have a better understanding of the field, they start to work it. The life cycle of the field incorporates a number of production stages, from initial development to decommissioning.
Transporting hydrocarbons
Huge quantities of hydrocarbons travel the oceans or overland between production site and place of consumption, through oil and gas pipelines. Before being used by consumers, oil and gas are stored in specific centers.
Le trading du pétrole et du gaz
International trading in crude oil and gas aims to meet the hydrocarbon requirements of refineries while maximizing profits. Linked to oil price trends, this type of trading involves significant financial risks.
Refining oil and gas
Before consumption, crude oil must be refined to improve its quality and turn it into fuel, lubricants and raw materials for the petrochemicals industry.
Oil logistics
Hydrocarbon distribution relies on high-security modes of transport and storage to avoid accidents and pollution.
Stakeholders in the hydrocarbon world
Major multinationals, large state-run bodies, public authorities, institutions, small independent companies...
the oil world is made up of a wide range of stakeholders that produce, sell and buy hydrocarbons, provide specific services, and define and apply energy policies.
