Whether oil is transported from production sites to the refineries by maritime or terrestrial routes, the main issues are those of safety, security and respect for the environment.
At sea, everything must be done to avoid pollution; not only accidental oil spills but also the deliberate discharging of polluting products such as the residue from tank and bilge cleaning. On land the state of oil
pipelines
must be continually kept under surveillance and worn equipment replaced.
Enormous quantities of oil transported are not used immediately. The same is true for a part of the output from refineries, what are called the finished products. Storage facilities ensuring total safety and security must therefore be planned for petroleum products. |